Midway Monument
U.S. Outlying Islands
The Manila American Cemetery and Memorial in the Philippines occupies 152 acres on a prominent plateau, visible at a distance from the east, south and west.
It contains the largest number of graves of our military dead of World War II, a total of 16,859, most of whom lost their lives in operations in New Guinea and the Philippines. The headstones are aligned in 11 plots forming a generally circular pattern, set among masses of a wide variety of tropical trees and shrubbery.
The chapel, a white masonry building enriched with sculpture and mosaic, stands near the center of the cemetery. In front of it on a wide terrace are two large hemicycles. Twenty-five mosaic maps recall the achievements of the American armed forces in the Pacific, China, India and Burma. On rectangular Trani limestone piers within the hemicycles, are inscribed the Tablets of the Missing containing 36,286 names. Rosettes mark the names of those since recovered and identified. Currently, there are 439 rosettes found on the Tablets of the Missing at Manila American Cemetery and Memorial. Carved in the floors are the seals of the American states and its territories. From the memorial and other points within the cemetery there are impressive views over the lowlands to Laguna de Bay and towards the distant mountains.
On Oct. 19, 2019, the American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) officially opened a new interpretive visitor center at the Manila American Cemetery to honor the American and Filipino sacrifices during the fight for the Pacific in WWII. The dedication also marked the 75th anniversary of the return of Gen. Douglas McArthur to the Philippines.
Manila American Cemetery is located in the Global City, Taguig, Metro Manila, within the boundaries of the former Fort William McKinley.Please note that a valid photo ID is required for entrance to the cemetery. Drivers must follow a 20 km/h (12 mi/h) speed limit. Student drivers are not permitted to practice in the cemetery. Parking is available behind the chapel; bicycles must remain parked at the front gate for the duration of your visit.
The war in the Pacific began with simultaneous Japanese surprise attacks on Pearl Harbor and the Philippines on December 7, 1941 (December 8 in the Philippines).
Japan rapidly conquered vast territories across Asia and the Pacific but met fierce resistance in the Philippine Islands. The U.S. Army Forces Far East (U.S. Army, Philippine Army, and Philippine Scouts) held off Japanese assaults for six months, delaying Japan’s offensive plans and enabling the U.S. to begin counterattacks in the Pacific.
From 1942 to 1945, the U.S. launched a dual-pronged strategy to defeat Japan. General Douglas MacArthur’s forces advanced through the Southwest Pacific, retaking the Philippines, while Admiral Chester Nimitz’s forces conducted a Central Pacific offensive through heavily fortified island chains.
Key battles at Midway, Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa brought U.S. forces closer to Japan. The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 hastened the war’s end, leading to Japan’s unconditional surrender on September 2, 1945 aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay.
Operations in the Pacific, December 1941 – September 1945
1941
- December 7: Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and invaded the Philippines (December 8 in the Philippines, west of the International Date Line).
1942
- April 9: U.S. forces on Bataan surrendered. The Bataan Death March began the next day, forcing 76,000 POWs (including 12,000 Americans) on a brutal 65-mile march to prison camps. Thousands died.
- May 6: Japan captured Corregidor Island. Lt. Gen. Jonathan Wainwright surrendered U.S. and Philippine forces. Some troops evaded capture and formed guerrilla units.
- May 6-8: The Battle of the Coral Sea blocked the Japanese invasion of Port Moresby, New Guinea.
- June 3-6: The Battle of Midway reversed the strategic situation in the Pacific, marking the turning point of the war.
- August 7: U.S. Marines landed on Guadalcanal, launching the Solomon Islands campaign.
- November 16: The Buna-Gona campaign continued the Allied advance in New Guinea.
1943
- Throughout the year, hard-fought campaigns along the north coast of New Guinea and the Solomon Islands resulted in major advances toward Japan.
- November 20: U.S. Marines landed on Tarawa, beginning the Central Pacific offensive.
1944
- August: Southwest Pacific forces, under General MacArthur, reached western New Guinea.
- October 20: U.S. forces returned to the Philippines, landing on Leyte.
- October 23-26: The Battles of Leyte Gulf ended Japan’s naval power in the Pacific.
- December 13: U.S. landings on Mindoro set the stage for the invasion of Luzon.
1945
- January 9: The Luzon campaign began with U.S. landings at Lingayen Gulf.
- January 30: U.S. Army Rangers, Alamo Scouts, and Filipino guerrillas liberated Cabanatuan POW camp.
- February 3: The Battle of Manila began. The city was liberated by March 4, but over 1,000 U.S. troops and 100,000 Filipino civilians were killed. Corregidor Island was recaptured on February 16.
- February 19 – April 1: The Battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa began.
- February 28 – July 4: Eighth Army liberated the remaining islands of the Philippines, from Palawan to Mindanao.
- July 5: The Philippines was declared liberated. More than 14,000 Americans were killed in ground combat.
- August 6 and 9: U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
- September 2: Japan surrendered aboard the USS Missouri (BB-63) in Tokyo Bay, marking the end of World War II in the Pacific.
Vintage Poster
Vintage posters convey the beauty, tranquility, and solemnity of the place as a sign of respect for those who fought so that we can live free today.
Related World War II Locations
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Brittany American Cemetery
Montjoie Saint Martin, France
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Cambridge American Cemetery
Cambridge CB23 7PH, United Kingdom
